起重機工作等級計算方法及各國對照表
SERVICE CLASSIFICATION OF HOIST
起升機構的安全運行周期取決于是否按特定的工作等級正確使用。根據(jù)歐洲搬運協(xié)會標準 FEM9.511 和中國國家相關標準規(guī)定,起重機的起升機構工作等級由載荷譜和日均運行當量時間確定。
Safe and effective operation of the hoist is dependent on correct classification of the hoist’s operation group. According to FEM9.511 and China standard the hoist’s operating group can be determined from load spectrum and average Daily operating time.
載荷譜 Load Spectrum
載荷譜可以根據(jù)下面表格確定
The load spectrum can be determined from the table below
輕級 偶爾吊滿載經(jīng)常吊輕載 固定載荷輕 | 中級 偶爾吊滿載經(jīng)常吊輕載 固定載荷半載 | 重級 重復吊滿載經(jīng)常吊半載 固定載荷重 | 超重級
幾乎全吊滿載固定載荷超重 |
Light Occasional full load Usually light load Small fixed load | Medium Occasional full load Usually light load Average fixed load | Heavy Repetitive full load Usually average load Heavy fixed load | Very Heavy
Usually almost full load Very heavy fixed load |
日均當量使用時間 Average daily operating time
日均當量使用時間可以根據(jù)實際使用時間按統(tǒng)計方法測算,參考公式如下:
The average daily operating time of the hoist can be calculated from the running time of the hoisting machinery (Hours/day):
H = 平均起升高度 average hoisting height (m)
N = 平均每小時工作循環(huán)次數(shù)
number of work cycles per hour (cycles/h) T = 日均工作時間 daily working time (h)
V = 起升速度 hoisting speed (m/min)
當載荷譜和日均當量使用時間確定后,可以根據(jù)下面表中數(shù)據(jù)查出工作級別:
When the load spectrum and the average daily operating time of the hoist are identified, the hoist’s operating group is obtained from the table below:
載荷譜Load Spectrum | 日平均當量使用時間 Average daily operating time ISO(GB) / FEM ( 小時 / 天 hours per day) | |||||
≤ 0.5 | ≤1 | ≤2 | ≤4 | ≤8 | ≤ 16 | |
輕級 Light | M3 1Bm | M4 1Am | M5 2m | M6 3m | ||
中級 Medium | M3 1Bm | M4 1Am | M5 2m | M6 3m | M7 4m | |
重級 Heavy | M3 1Bm | M4 1Am | M5 2m | M6 3m | M7 4m | |
超重級 Very Heavy | M4 1Am | M5 2m | M6 3m | M7 4m |
例子:
某用戶的起重機載荷譜為中級,起升速度 V=5m/min,平均工作起升高度 H=3m,平均每小時工作循環(huán) N=5 次,兩班制日工作時間 T=16 小時,計算得出當量工作時間 t=1.6,從上表中查得工作級別為中國國家標準 M5(等同于歐洲標準 2m)。
起重機工作等級比較表 Comparing of crane class
工作等級 Duty Code | ||||||
ISO/BS/DIN | M3 | M4 | M5 | M6 | M7 | M8 |
GB | A3 | A4 | A5 | A6 | A7 | A8 |
FEM | 1Bm | 1Am | 2m | 3m | 4m | 5m |
CMAA | A | B | C | D | E | F |
HMI | H2 | H3 | H4 | H5 | H5 | H6 |
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對應的起升當量工作周期 Hoist Standard Value ( 小時 Hr) | ||||||
安全工作周期 SWP(h) | 400 | 800 | 1,600 | 3,200 | 6,300 | 12,500 |
持續(xù)率 Duty %ED | 25 | 30 | 40 | 50 | 60 | 60 |
啟動次數(shù) Starts (s/h) | 150 | 180 | 240 | 300 | 360 | 360 |
運行時間 Run Time(h) | 3,200 | 6,300 | 12,500 | 25,000 | 50,000 | 100,000 |
啟動次數(shù) Starts | 480,000 |
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